13～18周龄笼养蛋鸭适宜蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平的研究

用 32 4羽满 1 2周龄的金定鸭 ,通过饲养试验、代谢试验、屠宰试验和对试鸭产蛋期 (1 9～ 2 8周龄 )产蛋性能的观察 ,研究了在等能条件下(ME :1 1 51MJ/kg) ,不同蛋白质水平 (CP :1 3 %、 1 5 %、 1 7% )和蛋氨酸水平 (Met/CP :0 0 1 7、 0 0 2 2、 0 0 2 7)组成的 9种饲粮对 1 3～ 1 8周龄笼养蛋鸭的生长性能、养分利用、体成分沉积和产蛋期产蛋性能的影响。结果表明 :该阶段饲粮粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平对体增重影响不显著 (P >0 0 5) ;体增重与蛋氨酸 (% )呈一定的正相关 (r=0 4574) ;CP为 1 3%、Met/CP为 0 0 2 7组采食量一直较稳定、较高 ,且饲料效率又好。代谢试验 :不同粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平饲粮对试鸭氮存留率和能量的利用率影响显著(P <0 0 5或P<0 0 1 ) ,且它们随饲粮CP水平的升高而降低 ,随蛋氨酸水平升高而升高 ;磷的利用率也分别以CP为 1 3%的水平和Met/CP为 0 0 2 7的水平极显著地高于其他水平对磷利用率 (P <0 0 1 )。屠宰试验 :当Met/CP为 0 0 2 7时 ,体氮沉积量和体磷沉积量最佳。产蛋性能 :开产日龄和高峰日龄与 1 3～ 1 8周龄CP食入量呈弱的负相关 (r=- 0 1 83 3和r=- 0 0 984) ,与蛋氨酸食入量呈正相关 (r =0 5780和r =0 435 0 )。饲粮粗蛋白、蛋氨酸水平对 1 9～ 2 8周龄     

Seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza A virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in Hassia

1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in Hassia (FRG) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza A virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (SRHT). Antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype H1N1) A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81, A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 and A/New Jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. Up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, whereas the results obtained with the other strains showed little variation. Antibodies against the human H1N1 strain A/Singapore/6/86 were only found in sera collected 1987 and 1988 in rates of 1.6% and 3.0%. Serological indication of infections with the human H3N2 strains A/Victoria/1/75, A/Hong Kong/1/68 and A/Philippines/2/82 could be shown in 286 (22.6%), 178 (14.4%) and 135 (10.6%) of the serum samples. Within the three year period the rate of sera positive for antibodies against A/Philippines/2/82 increased from 6.5% to 23.0%, whereas no variation in the rates were found using the other H3N2 strains. Antibodies simultaneously against porcine (H1N1) and human (H3N2) virus strains were detected in 9.9% of all sera tested.     

Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding

Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F₁, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method.     

Foot-and-mouth disease eradication efforts in the Republic of Korea

On March 20, 2000, a suspected vesicular disease in cattle was reported to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) of the Republic of Korea. This represented the index case of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak, which spread through several provinces. The Republic of Korea had been free of FMD for 66 years prior to the reintroduction of the virus and had recently suspended imports of pork and pork products from neighboring Japan owing to a reported FMD outbreak in that country. The Korean outbreak was ultimately controlled through the combination of preemptive slaughter, animal movement restrictions, and a strategy of ring vaccination. The purpose of this paper is to review the current FMD situation in Korea in the aftermath of its 2000 epizootic and how it may affect future efforts to eradicate or reduce risk of reintroduction of the disease into Korea.     

萘乙酸对大白菜钙素吸收运转及防治干烧心病的研究

本研究从补钙入手,探索防治干烧心病的方法。用0.7％CaCl_2·2H_2O对和50ppmNAA混合液在大白菜结球期叶面喷洒5次,经8年试验,对大白菜干烧心病的相对防治效果达80％以上。 在此基础上,采用~(45)Ca示踪试验的方法对防病机理做了进一步研究。结果表明,无论从根部还是从叶部加萘乙酸对根部和叶部~(45)Ca的吸收和运转均具有促进作用,并且改变了其在大白菜植株内的分配规律。对照株单位干叶重dpm值自外向内呈下降趋势(130×10~3─60×10~3);用NAA处理株则相反,自外向内呈增加趋势(120×10~3─250×10~3),说明萘乙酸具有促进钙素向叶球中内部运转的功效。这种效果在贮藏期间仍能保持。另外,~(45)Ca向直接受到NAA处理部位的运转量有明显增高的趋势。这一结果为补钙防治干烧心病提供了理论依据。     

基于Web3D的交互式虚拟水稻主茎可视化研究

在已建立的水稻主茎结构器官数学模型的基础上,采用Java3D和Web开发技术实现了水稻主茎的三维Web显示和交互控制,构建了基于Web的水稻主茎器官模型三维可视化研究平台,使得虚拟水稻作物的研究得以在IE浏览器上进行,也为其他作物的虚拟研究提出了一个新的研究思路.     

学会改革与发展面临的问题及对策

随着社会主义经济体制的逐步完善,改革的不断深化和对外开放的进一步扩大,学会在组织体制、管理模式、运行机制和活动方式等方面,还不能完全适应社会主义市场经济的要求,在综合分析学会存在诸多问题以及面临激烈竞争和严峻挑战的基础上,针对农业学会目前现状,提出了对策,以及今后努力发展的方向。     

A formation mechanism for catalytically grown helix-shaped graphite nanotubes

The concept of a spatial-velocity hodograph is introduced to describe quantitatively the extrusion of a carbon tubule from a catalytic particle. The conditions under which a continuous tubular surface can be generated are discussed in terms of this hodograph, the shape of which determines the geometry of the initial nanotube. The model is consistent with all observed tubular shapes and explains why the formation process induces stresses that may lead to "spontaneous" plastic deformation of the tubule. This result is due to the violation of the continuity condition, that is, to the mismatch between the extrusion velocity by the catalytic particle, required to generate a continuous tubular surface, and the rate of carbon deposition.